Arithmetic Operators¶

Mathematical operators for numeric computations.

Operators¶

Operator	Description	Example
`+`	Addition	`u.age + 1`
`-`	Subtraction	`u.balance - 10`
`*`	Multiplication	`u.hours * u.rate`
`/`	Division	`u.total / u.count`
`%`	Modulo (remainder)	`u.id % 10`
`^`	Exponentiation	`2 ^ 8`
`+`	Unary plus	`+5`
`-`	Unary minus	`-5`

Examples¶

Basic Arithmetic¶

-- Calculate age plus one
RETURN u.age + 1 AS next_age

-- Calculate total from price and tax
RETURN p.price + (p.price * p.tax_rate) AS total

Division¶

-- Average calculation (integer division)
RETURN total_amount / item_count AS average

-- For precise division, use FLOAT64
RETURN CAST(total_amount AS FLOAT64) / item_count

Modulo¶

-- Find users with even IDs
MATCH (u:User)
WHERE u.id % 2 = 0
RETURN u

Exponentiation¶

-- Square a value
RETURN u.value ^ 2 AS squared

-- Cube root
RETURN u.value ^ (1/3) AS cube_root

Operator Precedence¶

Precedence (highest to lowest): 1. Unary +, unary - 2. ^ 3. *, /, % 4. +, -

Use parentheses for clarity:

-- Ambiguous
u.value + u.rate * u.tax

-- Clear
u.value + (u.rate * u.tax)

Type Promotion¶

Operations return appropriate types:

Operation	Operand Types	Result Type
`+`, `-`, `*`	INT64, INT64	INT64
`+`, `-`, `*`	INT64, FLOAT64	FLOAT64
`+`, `-`, `*`	FLOAT64, FLOAT64	FLOAT64
`/`	any	FLOAT64
`%`	INT64, INT64	INT64
`^`	any	FLOAT64

Overflow¶

Arithmetic overflow wraps around:

-- INT64 overflow (undefined behavior)
RETURN 9223372036854775807 + 1  // Wraps to negative

For large numbers, consider FLOAT64:

-- Safer for large values
RETURN CAST(9223372036854775807 AS FLOAT64) + 1.0

NULL Handling¶

Any arithmetic operation with NULL returns NULL:

-- NULL + 5 = NULL
-- NULL * 2 = NULL
RETURN u.value + NULL  // Returns NULL

Common Patterns¶

Percentage Calculation¶

RETURN (u.part / u.total) * 100 AS percentage

Currency Conversion¶

RETURN p.price * 1.09 AS price_in_euros

Age Calculation¶

RETURN TIMESTAMP '2024-01-01' - u.birth_date AS age_in_ms